Job description or JD is a document that details the information related to a job. It gives a realistic image of a job by explaining what does a person in that position actually do. It also outline the qualifications a person should possess in order to perform that job.
Job description is very important to organizations as it helps in recruiting a right person in a position, reviewing the performance of the employees and determining the training needs. It also helps job applicant to understand the requirements, qualifications, expectations (expected results), salary amount and other information relating to a job they are applying for.
Job description should be well written and provide clear information about a job. If it is well written, can give a clear picture of what is particular job about including the duties to perform as well as requirements and qualifications a position holder must possess in order to perform that job.
Elements of Job description
Usually a good job description contains seven (7) essential elements which are;
- Job title
- Job summary
- Key responsibilities
- Qualifications
- Reporting structure
- Working conditions and
- Compensation.
Job title
This is a name of a job, it usually have 1 to 4 words. It reflects the content of a job including functions, roles and position of an employee in an organization. Employers use a job title to rank a job in an organization hierarchy and evaluating the salary amount of a jobholder.
Job summary
This is a part which gives an overview of the key points described in a job description. On other hand, it gives the job details in summary. It aims at helping an applicant to know what a job entails even without reading a whole job description.
Responsibilities
This part defines the day-to-day duties or activities involved in a job. It helps the job applicants to know the duties to perform when they are hired. But also helps employers in reviewing the performance of the employees and determining the
training needs.
Qualifications
These are
specifications of a job. They include educational level, skills, knowledge, ability and experience. Qualifications can help employers to attract best candidates to apply for a job and discourage those who are unqualified from applying a job. In this case, a right candidate will be hired in a job.
Reporting structure
This is a chain of command. It shows the employees or applicants to whom they should report to and who should report to them in a hierarchy system of an organization.
Working conditions
This part defines the environment where a job is performed. It includes factors that may affect a job such as working hours, location and regulations.
Compensation
This is an amount of salary or payment given to a jobholder in exchange for the work done. This part helps applicants to know an exact amount of salary of a job they want to apply for.
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